DONACION DE LA SRA. ADELAIDA MARTÍNEZ DE JANKO TRAJES DE GALA AUTÓCTONOS DE LAS COMUNIDADES CALCHA Y TARABUCO -BOLIVIA- DE SU COLECCIÓN PARTICULAR.
TEXTOS ELABORADOS POR EL EQUIPO DEL MAPI, CON EL ASESORAMIENTO DE CARMEN ANDERSON Y EL APORTE DE CARMIÑA Y MÓNICA JANKO MARTÍNEZ.
Desde fines del mes de enero se exhiben en el MAPI trajes femeninos típicos de dos comunidades del centro-sur de Bolivia.
La Sra. Adelaida Martínez de Janko ha donado al MAPI dos trajes femeninos de gala autóctonos, pertenecientes a su colección particular. Estas vestimentas son características de las comunidades Calcha y Tarabuco, y han pasado a integrar y enriquecer el acervo del museo. Esta iniciativa se concretó en los últimos días en que el Embajador de Bolivia en Uruguay, Sr. Marcelo Janko, terminaba su misión diplomática en este país, y vuelve a confirmar el vínculo que nuestro museo ha logrado establecer en su corta historia con las comunidades y representantes de los países latinoamericanos en este país.
Los trajes se exhiben actualmente en la principal sala del museo, acompañados de una precisa información elaborada por el equipo del Mapi, gracias al asesoramiento de la especialista uruguaya Sra. Carmen Anderson, y el aporte de las hijas del embajador Carmiña y Mónica Janko Martínez.
El MAPI, cumpliendo su objetivo de revalorización, promoción y difusión de las culturas autóctonas americanas, exhibe dos trajes confeccionados por artesanas indígenas, a partir de técnicas, herramientas y materias primas tradicionales, que son utilizados actualmente como vestido de gala, e incluso como traje de uso diario, en el caso de las mujeres de mayor edad.
En ambos vestidos, de gran valor artístico y etnográfico, resalta la alta calidad y belleza de los textiles Calcha y Tarabuco, así como la complejidad y profundidad del pensamiento cultural que le dio origen, cuyas raíces se remontan a los tiempos precolombinos.
Textiles Centro-sur de Bolivia
Desde hace miles de años, el tejido, más allá de su uso como vestimenta, constituye una de las expresiones estéticas más complejas desarrolladas por distintos grupos étnicos en el espacio andino. Este arte sobrevive con grandes dificultades en las actuales circunstancias de las sociedades indígenas. Dos de estos grupos del centro-sur de Bolivia, Calcha y Tarabuco han logrado mantener sus tradiciones textiles hasta nuestros días. En la elaboración de sus textiles, muchos grupos siguen utilizando el telar vertical de origen precolombino como principal herramienta, el vellón natural de oveja, camélido y algodón como materia prima y colores obtenidos mediante técnicas ancestrales o modernas, que con sus formas y detalles dan como resultado diferentes estilos. La calidad de estos tejidos depende en buena medida de la destreza manual y la concepción mental de las tejedoras, quienes desde temprana edad ya han comenzado a incursionar en este arte. Muchas de las técnicas realizadas por ellas, como la del pallay, requieren tiempo y trabajo visual, dado que los diseños no parten de un modelo previo sino de formas que están en la mente de la tejedora.
referencia: BANDRYMER
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